Debora Diniz
Professora da Universidade de Brasília
Severina e Cacilda eram duas mulheres anônimas até que o acaso as aproximou. Elas não se conhecem, mas o país conhece suas histórias. Severina, agricultora analfabeta de Pernambuco, estava grávida de três meses quando o Supremo Tribunal Federal cassou a liminar que autorizava a interrupção de gestação em caso de anencefalia no feto. Internada em hospital de Recife, Severina peregrinou por hospitais e tribunais à procura de autorização para interromper a gestação. Aos sete meses de gestação, o feto nasceu morto e foi enterrado sem registro de nascimento. Cacilda é também agricultora, mas em São Paulo, mãe de uma criança de nove meses com anencefalia. A filha de Cacilda, Marcela de Jesus, é caso raro na medicina e sobrevive sob intensa medicação.
Severina e Cacilda são as mulheres que a lei de descriminalização do aborto vai proteger. Como grande parte das mulheres brasileiras, elas são pobres, casadas, professam uma religião e dependem do Estado para tomar decisões seguras sobre reprodução. Severina não imaginava interromper a gestação em condições inseguras. Esperou durante quatro meses por autorização judicial. Antes, consultou o marido e o padre da paróquia. Cacilda jamais cogitou interromper a gestação do feto com anencefalia. “Entreguei minha filha a Jesus”, diz ela. Severina, também católica fervorosa, entregou seu filho a Jesus logo após a morte. Como lembrança, guarda uma foto do natimorto.
Mas como uma lei que permita o aborto protegerá as escolhas reprodutivas de mulheres como Severina e Cacilda? Um Estado que reconhece o direito ao aborto como escolha reprodutiva legítima é uma democracia que protege a diversidade moral. Não importa que a vasta maioria das mulheres pense como Severina: um Estado democrático deve reconhecer as escolhas de Severina e Cacilda como igualmente legítimas. É preciso haver espaço para todas elas, ainda que a maioria prefira a interrupção da gestação à experiência do parto seguido do enterro do filho. Por isso, mulheres como Severina e Cacilda seriam protegidas pela descriminalização do aborto.
Em um Estado verdadeiramente democrático, Severina não seria julgada pelo aborto e Cacilda sequer teria sua história de maternidade em cadeia nacional de televisão. Elas seriam mulheres comuns que, em determinados momentos da vida, tomaram as decisões que melhor se adequaram às suas crenças, desejos e expectativas. Não seriam julgadas como assassinas, tampouco heroínas. Seriam mulheres que experimentaram de maneira diferente a gravidez de um feto com poucas chances de sobrevida após o parto. Mas essa diversidade é o que caracteriza a democracia.
O tema do aborto provoca as convicções morais mais profundas e, exatamente por isso, provoca os limites da democracia. Em matéria de ética privada, como é a decisão pelo aborto, um Estado democrático, plural e laico não pauta suas leis pelas convicções da maioria. A absoluta maioria das mulheres pensa como Severina, mas uma democracia também protege Cacilda. E é sobre essa diversidade de mulheres e crenças que a descriminalização do aborto diz respeito. Uma lei que reconheça o direito ao aborto não obrigará nenhuma mulher a interromper a gestação. Apenas protegerá o direito mais inalienável da pessoa humana: o livre arbítrio. Severina e Cacilda esperam por este país.
maria boettger comentou:
15/06/2008 16:56
Entrei em contato com uma mulher jovem, cujo segundo filho foi um bebê anencefálico:uma menina.Ela não viu a criança.Pelo fato de não tê-la visto, caiu em depressão profunda, O casamento desmoronou.Não trabalha mais, mora sozinha com um filho de dezoito anos, que cuida dela e faz parte de um grupo de terapia.
Procurei me inteirar sobre nencefalia e fiquei muito triste em ver que não posso ajudá-la em nada.Só posso ouvi-la.Hoje entendo sua dor.
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